We present RAVEn, a self-supervised multi-modal approach to jointly learn visual and auditory speech representations. Our pre-training objective involves encoding masked inputs, and then predicting contextualised targets generated by slowly-evolving momentum encoders. Driven by the inherent differences between video and audio, our design is asymmetric w.r.t. the two modalities' pretext tasks: Whereas the auditory stream predicts both the visual and auditory targets, the visual one predicts only the auditory targets. We observe strong results in low- and high-resource labelled data settings when fine-tuning the visual and auditory encoders resulting from a single pre-training stage, in which the encoders are jointly trained. Notably, RAVEn surpasses all self-supervised methods on visual speech recognition (VSR) on LRS3, and combining RAVEn with self-training using only 30 hours of labelled data even outperforms a recent semi-supervised method trained on 90,000 hours of non-public data. At the same time, we achieve state-of-the-art results in the LRS3 low-resource setting for auditory speech recognition (as well as for VSR). Our findings point to the viability of learning powerful speech representations entirely from raw video and audio, i.e., without relying on handcrafted features. Code and models will be made public.

视频到语音的合成（也称为Lip-speech）是指沉默的唇部动作转换为相应的音频。由于其自我监督的性质（即可以在无需手动标记的情况下训练）以及在线可用的视听数据的收集量不断增长，因此该任务受到了越来越多的关注。尽管有这些强烈的动机，现代视频到语音的作品主要集中在词汇和环境中具有很大限制的中小型语料库。在这项工作中，我们引入了一个可扩展的视频到语音框架，该框架由两个组件组成：视频到光谱图预测器和一个预训练的神经声码器，该框架将MEL频谱图转换为波形音频。我们在LRW上取得了最先进的效果，并且在LRW上的表现要优于以前的方法。更重要的是，通过使用简单的FeedForward模型专注于频谱图预测，我们可以有效地将方法扩展到非常不受约束的数据集：据我们所知，我们是第一个在具有挑战性的LRS3数据集上显示出可理解的结果。

视频到语音是从口语说话视频中重建音频演讲的过程。此任务的先前方法依赖于两个步骤的过程，该过程从视频中推断出中间表示，然后使用Vocoder或波形重建算法将中间表示形式解码为波形音频。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个基于生成对抗网络（GAN）的新的端到端视频到语音模型，该模型将口语视频转换为波形端到端，而无需使用任何中间表示或单独的波形合成算法。我们的模型由一个编码器架构组成，该体系结构接收原始视频作为输入并生成语音，然后将其馈送到波形评论家和权力评论家。基于这两个批评家的对抗损失的使用可以直接综合原始音频波形并确保其现实主义。此外，我们的三个比较损失的使用有助于建立生成的音频和输入视频之间的直接对应关系。我们表明，该模型能够用诸如网格之类的受约束数据集重建语音，并且是第一个为LRW（野外唇读）生成可理解的语音的端到端模型，以数百名扬声器为特色。完全记录在“野外”。我们使用四个客观指标来评估两种不同的情况下生成的样本，这些客观指标衡量了人工语音的质量和清晰度。我们证明，所提出的方法在Grid和LRW上的大多数指标上都优于以前的所有作品。

This work presents a set of neural network (NN) models specifically designed for accurate and efficient fluid dynamics forecasting. In this work, we show how neural networks training can be improved by reducing data complexity through a modal decomposition technique called higher order dynamic mode decomposition (HODMD), which identifies the main structures inside flow dynamics and reconstructs the original flow using only these main structures. This reconstruction has the same number of samples and spatial dimension as the original flow, but with a less complex dynamics and preserving its main features. We also show the low computational cost required by the proposed NN models, both in their training and inference phases. The core idea of this work is to test the limits of applicability of deep learning models to data forecasting in complex fluid dynamics problems. Generalization capabilities of the models are demonstrated by using the same neural network architectures to forecast the future dynamics of four different multi-phase flows. Data sets used to train and test these deep learning models come from Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of these flows.

Iris segmentation is the initial step to identify biometric of animals to establish a traceability system of livestock. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning framework for pixel-wise segmentation with minimum use of annotation labels using BovineAAEyes80 public dataset. In the experiment, U-Net with VGG16 backbone was selected as the best combination of encoder and decoder model, demonstrating a 99.50% accuracy and a 98.35% Dice coefficient score. Remarkably, the selected model accurately segmented corrupted images even without proper annotation data. This study contributes to the advancement of the iris segmentation and the development of a reliable DNNs training framework.

The field of robotics, and more especially humanoid robotics, has several established competitions with research oriented goals in mind. Challenging the robots in a handful of tasks, these competitions provide a way to gauge the state of the art in robotic design, as well as an indicator for how far we are from reaching human performance. The most notable competitions are RoboCup, which has the long-term goal of competing against a real human team in 2050, and the FIRA HuroCup league, in which humanoid robots have to perform tasks based on actual Olympic events. Having robots compete against humans under the same rules is a challenging goal, and, we believe that it is in the sport of archery that humanoid robots have the most potential to achieve it in the near future. In this work, we perform a first step in this direction. We present a humanoid robot that is capable of gripping, drawing and shooting a recurve bow at a target 10 meters away with considerable accuracy. Additionally, we show that it is also capable of shooting distances of over 50 meters.

In the absence of readily available labeled data for a given task and language, annotation projection has been proposed as one of the possible strategies to automatically generate annotated data which may then be used to train supervised systems. Annotation projection has often been formulated as the task of projecting, on parallel corpora, some labels from a source into a target language. In this paper we present T-Projection, a new approach for annotation projection that leverages large pretrained text2text language models and state-of-the-art machine translation technology. T-Projection decomposes the label projection task into two subtasks: (i) The candidate generation step, in which a set of projection candidates using a multilingual T5 model is generated and, (ii) the candidate selection step, in which the candidates are ranked based on translation probabilities. We evaluate our method in three downstream tasks and five different languages. Our results show that T-projection improves the average F1 score of previous methods by more than 8 points.

The evolution of wireless communications into 6G and beyond is expected to rely on new machine learning (ML)-based capabilities. These can enable proactive decisions and actions from wireless-network components to sustain quality-of-service (QoS) and user experience. Moreover, new use cases in the area of vehicular and industrial communications will emerge. Specifically in the area of vehicle communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) schemes will benefit strongly from such advances. With this in mind, we have conducted a detailed measurement campaign with the purpose of enabling a plethora of diverse ML-based studies. The resulting datasets offer GPS-located wireless measurements across diverse urban environments for both cellular (with two different operators) and sidelink radio access technologies, thus enabling a variety of different studies towards V2X. The datasets are labeled and sampled with a high time resolution. Furthermore, we make the data publicly available with all the necessary information to support the on-boarding of new researchers. We provide an initial analysis of the data showing some of the challenges that ML needs to overcome and the features that ML can leverage, as well as some hints at potential research studies.

This paper proposes a question-answering system that can answer questions whose supporting evidence is spread over multiple (potentially long) documents. The system, called Visconde, uses a three-step pipeline to perform the task: decompose, retrieve, and aggregate. The first step decomposes the question into simpler questions using a few-shot large language model (LLM). Then, a state-of-the-art search engine is used to retrieve candidate passages from a large collection for each decomposed question. In the final step, we use the LLM in a few-shot setting to aggregate the contents of the passages into the final answer. The system is evaluated on three datasets: IIRC, Qasper, and StrategyQA. Results suggest that current retrievers are the main bottleneck and that readers are already performing at the human level as long as relevant passages are provided. The system is also shown to be more effective when the model is induced to give explanations before answering a question. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/neuralmind-ai/visconde}.

Given the impact of language models on the field of Natural Language Processing, a number of Spanish encoder-only masked language models (aka BERTs) have been trained and released. These models were developed either within large projects using very large private corpora or by means of smaller scale academic efforts leveraging freely available data. In this paper we present a comprehensive head-to-head comparison of language models for Spanish with the following results: (i) Previously ignored multilingual models from large companies fare better than monolingual models, substantially changing the evaluation landscape of language models in Spanish; (ii) Results across the monolingual models are not conclusive, with supposedly smaller and inferior models performing competitively. Based on these empirical results, we argue for the need of more research to understand the factors underlying them. In this sense, the effect of corpus size, quality and pre-training techniques need to be further investigated to be able to obtain Spanish monolingual models significantly better than the multilingual ones released by large private companies, specially in the face of rapid ongoing progress in the field. The recent activity in the development of language technology for Spanish is to be welcomed, but our results show that building language models remains an open, resource-heavy problem which requires to marry resources (monetary and/or computational) with the best research expertise and practice.